The Great Pro-Democratic Revolutions of the spring of 2011 in Syria Essay

The Great Pro-Democratic Revolutions of the spring of 2011 in Syria - Essay Example Finally, there will be a comparison between the main topic to the ideas of the Makovsky and Ross thesis in addition to a thorough conclusion. There are three basic myths as analyzed by Makovsky and Ross in the book of Myths, Peace, and Illusions: Finding a New Direction for the US in the Middle East. The first myth shows that all issues concerning the Middle Eastern countries are associated with the conflicts between Israel and Palestine. The second myth is the comparison between the engagement and non-engagement of regimes, changes in regimes and their behavior. The final myth discussed by the two authors concerns the question about the democracy promotion. In the first myth, the Arabs claimed that they had a large population in Palestine before the creation of Israel forgetting there was Jewish population as well. The conflict began when Palestine wanted to create their own Jewish State claiming that they owned, but the Zionists rejected their right. It was claimed that Zionist leaders had a legal mandate for the existence of Israel State which was false as recommended by the UN. According to Ross and Makovsky, the old s aying that everything in the Middle East was connected to everything else gives a better roadmap rather than rejecting any connection between Israel and other matters (Ross & Makovsky, 2010). In the second myth, Ross and Makovsky focus on Iran and their satellites, Hamas, and Hezbollah, with Israel. The pattern of conflict between two-states was repeated when Hamas was voted into power in the year 2006. Hamas had accepted the form of the Israel state, although it rejected the two-state solution claiming that it was meant to destroy Israel. After Ismail Haniyeh was being elected in 2006, he said that Hamas had accepted the formation of a Palestinian state, according to 1967 borders.  Ã‚  

Pol Essay 3 Ma Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pol 3 Ma - Essay Example A methodical investigation conducted by Gallup aimed at establishing most significant political issues in American politics ranked dissatisfaction with the government as the major problem (Chappell). This dissatisfaction according to Chappell was attributed to "Concerns over the new federal health care system" (para. 8). In fact, results from this methodical investigation showed that 24 percent of Republicans believed that healthcare is the most significant problem affecting Americans today. There is an array of reasons why a huge percentage of Americans have no access to healthcare insurance. As postulated by Bardes, Shelley and Schmidt, inability to access healthcare insurance is exacerbated by high healthcare insurance premiums, unemployment, and preexisting medical conditions such as cancer and diabetes (472). Bardes, Shelley and Schmidt also assert that the existing healthcare problems are projected to worsen in future. To combat this problem, a possible solution by the Federal government is formulation of healthcare policies geared towards universal healthcare. In retrospect, politicians have not been in support of universal healthcare in the past. To illustrate hoe a universal healthcare strategy could work, San Fransisco can be used as a n example. According to Bardes, Shelley and Schmidt, San Francisco initiated a universal healthcare strategy aimed at ensuring both insured and uninsured individuals have access to healthcare (472). In this policy, employers were obligated to pay a monthly fee for each of their employees and the remaining healthcare fees to accommodate the uninsured paid by the State government (Bardes, Shelley and Schmidt 472). In this light, it is important to note that such a policy would ultimately translate to the rich paying more taxes. In essence, it also means that some individuals will be opposed to such a policy. To counter this argument, Bardes, Shelley and Schmidt ar gues that such a policy

Different Networking Systems Advantages and Disadvantages

Different Networking Systems Advantages and Disadvantages Local Area Network: Local Area network is isolated network. Generally, It is build in a physical location. such as office, home etc. Computers are connected to each other by a small server and also connected to the wide area network (Internet). This types of networks are very usefull for sharing data likes files, small or big document, play network games etc. Metro Politian Area Network(MAN) : Metropolitan area network is a large computer network where computers are connected with each other from different geographical location. Its structure and built process are quite similar with LAN the only difference its spans an entire city or a selected are like college or university campus or a commercial area. We can get a shared network connection form MAN. Wide Area Network (WANs): Wide area network is similar to a Local area network but here all other device connected to each other by fiber-optic cables, telephone line or a satellite links. Networking Topologies: Bus: Every node or device are individually linked up to successive other device or other node . Its a very simple network but its has sum troubleshooting network issues . such as if a node is not working then how can anyone find the error node. Other way it has data redundancy issues. Ring: It quite similar to bus network topologies. It has no termination like bus topologies. The main reason is that this topologes has no end it related to each other like a circle. this network has some fault such as difficulty of adding a new node to a token ring network. Star: In this netwrok each and every node maintains an itotally individual connection to a switch, where all other nodes are connected. It has a direct connection with swithch to node. the weakness are need more wire to setup a network. Mesh: In this topology every node conected with each other node. It generally used in warreless network. It need a large amount of overhead which very difficult to manage+ Hybrid: This is simply a topology referring to the case where more than one topology is utilized. ti is the combination of star and ring topology. 1.2 Evaluate the impact of current network technology, communication and standards. Answer: OSPF: It is a routing protocol generally used for larger network either a single network or a group network. It is designed by Internet Engineering Task Force. It can also used as a Gateway Protocol. FTP: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is mainly a standard protocol of Network which is used to transfer data from client to host or one server to another server . If user or admin want to upload a file on a website he or she needs a username, password and host address. SMTP: Simple mail transfer protocol is like a media which transfers e-mail. SMTP always work with POP3 service. TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol is a set of a protocol stack. Basically it is tow different protocol. TCP/IP is closely related with FTP, SMTP, HTTP. 1.3 Discuss how protocols enable the effective utilisation of different networking systems. Network Protocols are ensure proper utilisation of different network system. OSI model Layer 2 protocol is data link protocol which handles the physical and logical connections to the packets destination using a network interface card (NIC). Layer 3 Protocol called Internetwork Protocol (IP) it is also called network layer protocol it work for routing, directing datagrams from one netwrok to another. IP protocol always analysis larger datragrams and identify each and every host with a 32-bit IP address. Layer 4 protocol are TCP, UDP. Transmission Control Prtocol (Tcp0 establishes connections between two hosts on the network through sockets which are determined by the IP address and port number. one the other side provides a low overhead transmission service, but with less error checking. 2.1 Discuss the role of software and hardware components. Answer: Software: All Network software consists of the programs and protocols which required to connect computers together. Their primary purpose are data inter connect each other, data sharing. Application sharing: For application sharing all computer use same platform to connect and manage computer. If a network share application software platform to connect then it can reduce network cost. Hardware or Peripheral sharing: Network software also share hardware such as phone, fax, printer etc. A printer connected with ser with server and all other computer can share that computer. Management and Security: Network software provide some mechanism to maintain proper security of data and its can make backup copy of valuable date. It can monitor and make a digital report on resource utiliaation and efficiency. Operating System: Windows or Linux system. Hardware: Network Interface card (NIC) Hub Switches Bridges Routers Gateway Modems 2.2 Discuss server types and selection requirement. Answer: For the given scenario I would prefer a window server and here I want to clear my intension by full filing server selection requirement. So If any admin want to select a server types then admin must follow, server, proxy servers, web server, mail server, FTP server, SMTP server. Here I try to mention server and its work Server: A Server designed to get request or to process requests from other device or node(client) and deliver or process data to other node or client over a local network, or the wide area network. Now a days we find plenty of servers around us. So, I try to figure out some common server types: Proxy Servers: A proxy server like a middle man between a client and a real server. Here client means a web browser such as Internet explorer or chrome. When a client make a inquiry then web browser its try to solve it, otherwise web browser forward the query to the real server. In this way a proxy server reduce search time. A proxy server also used to filter request. A network admin used it to control unauthorized web access. Such as: many company block facebook, online game site etc Mail Servers: A mail server used for delivers e-mail over a network or over the internet. This types of servers receive e-mails from other nodes or users and send the mail to correct node or client. Web Servers: Web server generally a server which commonly used to host websites. Its deliver web page with content to client site and all the content are plain HTML documents or a image. Application Servers: Application server generally called appserver. It is a software which controlled all application between users and an server. Real-Time Communication Servers FTP Servers: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is mainly a standard protocol of Network which is used to transfer data from client to host or one server to another server . If user or admin want to upload a file on a website he or she needs a username, password and host address. Server types selection is an important step for a new network. To select a server for office or a home is not easy its seems quite complicated. So an administer should make his own criteria to select server type. So, I try to set some criteria. Software requirements: Comment Operating systems (OS) Windows CPU type and speed Lattes Expansion/Upgrade Criteria Must Drive types, space, and speeds Lattes Physical characteristics Yes Brand Intel(Processor), HP (Network Printer) 2.3 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with network components. 3.1 Design a networked system to meet a given specification. Answer: Design of a computer network systems first think about a central device which could be a switch or a router, A central server, a pc for every users, hard ware components . Office PrinterLife Insurance company Router Agent 6 Agent 4 Server Agent 2 Agent 5 Life Insurance Company Network Structure Agent 3 Hardware requirement: Name Quantity Comment Server 1 Main Server Printer 1 Network Printer Router 7 Main Router, Office and Agents Switch 1 Central switch PC 9 Main office and agents Software requirement: 1. Windows 7 2. Internet connection 3.2 Evaluate the design and analyse user feedback. Answer: 4.1 Implement a networked system based on a prepared design 4.2 Test the network system to meet user requirements. 4.3 Document and analyse test results against expected results 4.4 Recommend potential enhancements for the networked systems. 4.5 Design a maintenance schedule to support the networked system.

The Transition Of Public Management in America Essay -- Public Managem

The Transition Of Public Management: 2000s A puzzling question is what can be expected from public management and public managers in the new millennium? What are the important issues such as regulatory reform, public sector budgeting, human resources management, strategic policymaking, ethics, and corruption, now and in the future? Will the alternative to government delivery of service be privatization? The concepts of Rational Administration, Accountability, Planning, Control, Budgeting and Financial management are major factors in the future of this nation and the world. Having a well managed public sector and having America function at peek efficiency seems to be the goal of public management but there are obstacles that are a constant plague in trying to reach this goal. This analysis is an attempt to help understand what may happen in Public Management in the future and why. (Ott) Many Public Service Organizations are trying to make privatization the major method of handling daily mundane operations such as environmental management, building maintenance, methods of transportation, administrative task, etc. â€Å"The Privatization of Public Service: Lessons from Case Studies" report was researched and written by Eliott Sclar, a professor of urban planning at Cornell University. Many FPE locals are familiar with Dr. Sclar and his work on dispelling the myths of privatization. The report follows three examples of public sector privatization over a four-year period: vehicle maintenance in Albany, N.Y., state highway maintenance in Massachusetts and vehicle maintenance in Indianapolis. The research shows that in Albany and Massachusetts there was no evidence that contracting saved money or improved service quality. I... ...r/ib/2000/041200.htm) Irving B. Harris, Graduate School of Public Policy Studies. Public Management. On line. Available: (http://www.harrisschool.uchicago.edu/academic/public_management.html) OECD programme on Public Management and Governance (PUMA). Home Page. Online. Available: (http://www.oecd.org/puma/) J. Steven Ott, Albert C. Hyde, Jay M. Shafritz. Public Management: The Exxential Readings. Lyceum Books/Nelson-Hall 1991 Privatization of Health Care Position Statement. Online. Available: (http://www.nursesunions.ca/ps/privatization.shtml) Rational Expectations -- Fresh Ideas that Challenge Some Established Views of Policy Making 1977 Annual Report essay. Online. Available: (http://minneapolisfed.org/pubs/ar/ar1977.html) The Privatization of Public Service. Home page. On line. Available: (www.aft.org/fpe/articles/privatization.html) The Transition Of Public Management in America Essay -- Public Managem The Transition Of Public Management: 2000s A puzzling question is what can be expected from public management and public managers in the new millennium? What are the important issues such as regulatory reform, public sector budgeting, human resources management, strategic policymaking, ethics, and corruption, now and in the future? Will the alternative to government delivery of service be privatization? The concepts of Rational Administration, Accountability, Planning, Control, Budgeting and Financial management are major factors in the future of this nation and the world. Having a well managed public sector and having America function at peek efficiency seems to be the goal of public management but there are obstacles that are a constant plague in trying to reach this goal. This analysis is an attempt to help understand what may happen in Public Management in the future and why. (Ott) Many Public Service Organizations are trying to make privatization the major method of handling daily mundane operations such as environmental management, building maintenance, methods of transportation, administrative task, etc. â€Å"The Privatization of Public Service: Lessons from Case Studies" report was researched and written by Eliott Sclar, a professor of urban planning at Cornell University. Many FPE locals are familiar with Dr. Sclar and his work on dispelling the myths of privatization. The report follows three examples of public sector privatization over a four-year period: vehicle maintenance in Albany, N.Y., state highway maintenance in Massachusetts and vehicle maintenance in Indianapolis. The research shows that in Albany and Massachusetts there was no evidence that contracting saved money or improved service quality. I... ...r/ib/2000/041200.htm) Irving B. Harris, Graduate School of Public Policy Studies. Public Management. On line. Available: (http://www.harrisschool.uchicago.edu/academic/public_management.html) OECD programme on Public Management and Governance (PUMA). Home Page. Online. Available: (http://www.oecd.org/puma/) J. Steven Ott, Albert C. Hyde, Jay M. Shafritz. Public Management: The Exxential Readings. Lyceum Books/Nelson-Hall 1991 Privatization of Health Care Position Statement. Online. Available: (http://www.nursesunions.ca/ps/privatization.shtml) Rational Expectations -- Fresh Ideas that Challenge Some Established Views of Policy Making 1977 Annual Report essay. Online. Available: (http://minneapolisfed.org/pubs/ar/ar1977.html) The Privatization of Public Service. Home page. On line. Available: (www.aft.org/fpe/articles/privatization.html)

Cadaveric Dissection

Cadaveric dissection is a must experience for all medical student – either it brings a wonderful experience or a nightmare. My first impression about cadaveric dissection collapsed once I have experience the session myself. I though it must be in a creepy atmosphere, with a fleshy and bloody cadaver, bad smell and scary dissecting room. However, after my first session, I appreciated that it is not that bad and honestly I am starting to like it. I can still remember clearly the moment I walked into the dissecting room for the first time in my life- the atmosphere was kind of weird. I felt a mixture of feelings- scared, nervous, and confused but at the same time I felt extremely excited. After wearing the gown and goggles, I stepped into the dissecting room still with confusion. As soon as I arrived and stood beside my cadaver, I just couldn’t stand the smell but after going through the session I realised that I was able to get used to it. Throughout the dissecting session, I slowly built up a sense of feeling that my cadaver will be my greatest teacher for the next two years as it will virtually teach me about the complexities of the human body, how the systems work and link it to one another. I am touched by his generosity- his tremendous effort to donate his body and allow us to discover the greatest and the most amazing creation in the world- the complexities of the human body. I realised that the dissecting session was not just another session for learning anatomy but was absolutely more than that. It was a session which has taught me a precious lesson that I will remember for the rest of my life- a good person shall always benefit others anywhere, anytime, either they are alive or dead. When he died at the age of 73 due to ischaemic bowel problem, it did not mean his life ended there. He was actually entering a new phase in his life, being a wonderful teacher to my fellow group mates and me. He is the one who will guide us through a magical trip throughout the human body and experience a journey to body space. The identity of the cadaver remains anonymous and his face is being covered throughout the session. This basically teaches me an important lesson- the importance of confidentiality in medical profession. General medical council really stress out the importance of confidentiality for every doctor registered with it. For a doctor, confidentiality is an important duty since confidentiality is the central to trust between doctors and patients. [1] When I’m observing my GP consultation, I noticed that she really concern about the patient confidentiality and respect patients’ right to confidentiality. One important thing that I had observed at first was that everybody had their own style when dealing with different situations. Some people looked very calm, while the others, and me, especially, felt nervous. Helping each other to calm down brought us closer to one another. This introductory session helped us to build chemistry with one another, thus making our learning process easier next time. I still remember the moment when Professor Evan started to uncover the cadaver; some of my colleagues fell and collapsed. Everyone seemed to react in different way. However, even though I felt nervous and a little bit afraid, I was able to go on with the session after my fellow colleagues kindly comforted me. We held our hands together and tried to open up our minds and be strong. This situation basically taught me more about the meaning of teamwork and cooperation. From my personal point of view, working in a team for cadaveric dissection actually gives me the opportunity to learn more about teamwork and hopefully it will help me as a doctor in the future. When I’m having the† Inter-professional Learning Workshop† with nursing and social work students a few weeks later, I then discovered the significance of team work and how it can help me in the future when working in a big, inter-professional field. The dissecting session helped me to understand myself better, I found that I’m a kinaesthetic learner; I should involve actively in the learning process by touching, feeling and carrying out all the procedure myself in order to make me understand a particular lesson better. During the anatomy lecture, I thought I understood what the lecturer was trying to talk about- origin, insertion, ya I just took them for granted. But during the session, when my instructor asked me about the point of origin and insertion of pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, I was having difficulties recalling hat I have learned in lectures and relating it to the cadaver. Then I recognized that I should have prepared myself first before going to any session and should never have assumed that I understood something without ever reflecting on it. However, the experience of being able to see, touch and palpate the muscles, have definitely helped me understand more about the point of insertion and origin a nd thus being able to relate the structure with its function. I found that after the session, when I was doing revision, I could easily remember the structures by recalling what I have learned in the dissecting room. Seeing somebody cutting off a small piece of fat using a scalpel may sound easy but when you are doing it on your own, it is not as easy as that. However, as I went through the process, I realised we developed our skills through practice because practice definitely makes perfect. To be honest, I’m the type of person who is afraid to make mistakes. I felt a lack of confidence when the instructor asked me to fix the blade into the scalpel in front of everybody else. I didn’t want them to laugh at me if I was doing it the wrong way. However after the session, I kind of regretted it because I didn’t grab the opportunity to improve my skills. From the incident, I realised that in order to learn and improve my knowledge and skills, I should not be afraid of trying something new or making mistakes. Humans definitely learn from mistakes. Besides that, working in a group of 8 students really helped me to learn very well. After reviewing a particular structure, one of my colleagues would explain briefly about it. And then, every one of us would share any extra information we have about the said structure. Before this, with the limited time I have, I found that it was quite difficult for me to read and learn everything about a particular subject on my own. However, throughout this session, I observed and felt that interactive and active learning by sharing information much easier and enjoyable. Everyone has their own strength and sharing your knowledge with others would definitely make you become much better. Overall, cadaveric dissecting session is not just a normal academic session but it is more than that. I learned about humanity, respect and teamwork. This is a golden opportunity for me to reflect on what I have learned in lectures, explore my own strength and weaknesses, and thus help me understand myself better. I love my anatomy sessions. To my dearest cadaver, thanks a lot, you are my greatest teacher!

Food Security in Society

Food Security â€Å"There is no sincerer love than the love of food,† George Bernard Shaw a literary critic once said. His statement rings true, as food feeds the functions of society. However, not all countries feel the cushion of a full meal each day. Every year 15 million children die from hunger. Scarcity of food is an epidemic affecting people all over the world. Therefore, food security, the access by which all people at any time can have access to enough nutritious food for an individual to have a healthy life, is a vital part of a countries concern.Nigeria is one such country, like many others in which food security is of high concern. No longer a third world country, as of 2005, Nigeria has been declared a middle class country and continues to develop from there. However, this does not make Nigeria exempt from the brutality of hunger and the shortage of food. Officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Nigeria is a country located in West Africa with its borders being surrounded by Chad, Benin, Cameroon and Niger. Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa and the seventh most populated in the entire world.Naturally, with such a high population the amount and production of food is a large concern for the government. As stated by Olyeran-Oyeyinkain the book, The Gene Revolution and Global Food Security, â€Å"Agriculture has become a major contributor to the Nigeria's economy. Accounting for about 40% of gross domestic product (GDP) and employing about 60% of the work force† (Olyeran 117). The main crops that workers toil on are as follows: beans (varieties which include cocoa beans, soy beans) sesame, cashews, cassava, groundnuts, gum arabic, kola nut, corn, melon, millet, palm kernels, palm oil, plantains, rice, rubber, Guinea corn, and yams.Because of the many different climates that Nigeria possesses, it is possible for it to grow these varying crops. However, agriculture with larger sized crops is not a common form of farmi ng for the country. What’s stopping larger production is not common factors such as scarcity of water or even an appropriate climate to flourish in, but it is restricted due to low fertility in the soil. This stops many crops from even sprouting. Also, lack of cultivation stops from farming on a bigger scale as well. Livestock is not a huge factor in the country anymore.Though farming is not as large scale as it could be, it has taken over the land and caused insufficient homes for the animals to live in. Excess of population has also caused the countries game of elephants, tigers, buffalo, leopards, and other big game to be found in either animal reserves or remote countryside areas. The animals are forced to find homes elsewhere. Antelope, monkeys and jackals are still more commonly widespread and seen more often in Nigeria. The bigger game may be hard to catch but the common livestock eaten in Nigeria is as follows: cattle, donkey, duck, geese, goat, chicken, guinea fowls, pigeon, pigs, sheep, and turkey.Meat is a widespread form of nutrition in the country, but crops are a much more common item to be dined upon. Fisheries also provide a large amount of resources for the cultures cuisine. Most popular seafood life includes crab, shrimp, shark and moon fish. With all this said, food security in Nigeria has not been the best over the years, with poor farming resources and food being outsourced, most of the country has been left hungry. However, as of a 2010 food security review of Nigeria, things have been looking up.After the growing season completed in 2010 food supplies were on the higher side at both household and market levels. In most parts of northern Nigeria the livestock prices and household food reserve levels as of January 2010 are at an affordable price. These two factors are key elements in determining food security. This does not say that social deprivation does not still rain supreme in the country. Recovery from a difficult hunger seaso n usually shows a slow growth, however in 2010 the hunger season had gone by faster than expected due to thee above addressed unusual prices of livestock and crops.Commonly in Nigeria they outsource to other countries in order to make a profit off of their crops. While this gives them an increase in economic revenue, it leaves their people hungry due to lack of nutritious foods. This outsourcing of food is one of the major causes of the poor food security that Nigeria has often possessed. Before their civil war, which occurred in 1973, Nigeria was relatively self-sufficient in concerns to foods. However, after the war, imports and exports of food increased tenfold. Bread is the most common import, ironically enough imported from the United States.Major exports include oil, cocoa, corn, yams and cotton lint. To make more income, instead of having a surplus of food, the food is sold off, leaving the country short for its citizens, thus making for a very poor food security. The money t hat they then make is not used solely for feeding the people. Despite there being a ban on exporting a lot of important food sources, such as milk, sugar, and flour, a free agricultural trade market was finally established in the 1980’s. A second leading cause in the poor food security is the commonly occurring oil spills that happen in Nigeria.Nigeria is a large partner with the US, as it imports a lot of the United States oil to the country. The Delta region of Nigeria is the area that is hit hardest by these oil spills. The Department of Petroleum Resources estimated 1. 89 million barrels of petroleum were spilled into the Delta between 1976 and 1996 out of the total of 2. 4 million barrels between these year brackets. Clean up was slow and waste management of the sludge from recent oil spill accidents, as well as from the ones previously stated, is still a major concern for economic costs. An intervention plan is possible for the country of Nigeria.The Nigerian government has approved several policies and undertaken a number of steps in order to help improve food security in Nigeria. These plans include the following: the National Plan of Action for Food and Nutrition, Primary Health Care Approach, Catchments Area Planning and Action, Gender Informed Nutrition and Agriculture, and National Special Program on Food Security. Government in Nigeria’s main focus however is on their policy entitled â€Å"Food and Nutrition Policy for Nigeria. † This policy was put into place in 2002 and sets specific goals to be met.These include the reduction of malnutrition among children under five by at least 30% by 2010, and reduction of micronutrient deficiencies. The main micronutrient deficiency concern being with vitamin A, iodine and iron. Their hopes were to lower this by 50% by the year 2010 as well. Lack of knowledge and technology is a main hindrance to any policies and actions set forth by the Nigerian government. With all these plans being lo oked into, hopes are that Nigeria can reduce the population of hungry even more in the upcoming years. However, if mire research is not gained into solving these issues, setting orth policies may be in vain if there is no action to back them up. Works Cited Department of Petroleum Resources. 2009. 20 11 2009. Akinyele, Isaac. International Food Policy and Research Institute. Garki, Abuja Nigeria. 2010. 20 11 2011. Nations Encyclopedia. 2011. 20 11 2009. Olyeran-Oyeyinka, Banji Gehl Sampath, Padmashee. The Gene Revolution and Global Food Security. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingtoke Hampshire, GBR. 11 2009. 20 11 2011. 117. Think Exist. 1999. 20 11 2009. Think Quest. 20 11 2009. United States Department of Agriculture- Food and Nutrition. Alexandria, VA. 20 11 2011. USAID. 1 2011. 20 11 2009.